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  -2024

  

     

(1000  1605 . )

:    :100

:      ,             

            

-

1.  -            

2.          

-

3.               

4.         

-

5.           

6. ,        

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-

7.               

8.            

  -2024

  

     

(1000  1605 . )

:    :100

:      ,             

            

-

1.  -            

: -         

         700          

            ,       , ,

         ,      ,  

       ,     ,       

  ,      "" —-       

   

  -     ( 11  16  ),   , 

 ,                   

Easy2Siksha.com

                    

     

1.   -    

             ,       

        - ,    -    

•  :      -  ,     

       ,            

      ,              

- 

•  :  —         

            ,        

       ,     

•   :,            

 , ,              

 ,           

•   :       ,         

    ,           

      —      

  ,          

,              -   ,  ,   ,

 ,        ,      

2.    -   

 -                  

  ,        

•   : -         

,   ,            -

       -           

                        

,       ,          

•   :           , 

        ,       

                  

 ,              ,      

                

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        ,          

       -   



       



•   : -       —,   

  —          ,   

  (  )     ,        ,  

     -   

•   :             ,

 ,            -    

               

3.   

                -  

     -             

                      

       ,            

,   ,   ,        

4.     

                    

   ,               —

15            -     

                

 –   

,      -      ,    

            —     ,

      ,        ,    

  ,                  ,  

      

       , ,       

       ,           , 

, ,      

Easy2Siksha.com

 -              -    

,    ,     ,           

2.          

: -         

󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  

    15     -         

       ,          ,  -   

     ,            ,   

           -         

    

    , ,       —   ,    

    -  ( 12  16    )  ,  

     ,          -



󷬗󷬘󷬙󷬚󷬛 

•  -              

,             

•        ,    , , , 

        

•               -     ,

   

                

󷹢󷹣  

1.  

•   ,   ,  ,  ,        

•  -   ( , , )  ,    

     

•     ,         ,     

   

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2. 



 

•          

•      ( , , ) ,    

  

•   ,    ,           



3.     

•            

•            ,      

  

•   (  )             



•  ,   (1469-1539)    ,     

      

4.   

•      

•           ,    

• ,                    

5.   

•            

• , ,        

•              

•     -     ,           

󷗿󷘀󷘁󷘂󷘃   

1.   

•          

•          

•    ,     ,  ,   

  

•    ,          ,  

 

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2.    

•             

• ,           

•           ,   -

     

3.   

•     -   ,    

• ,         

•          

•  ,             

4.   

•    ,        

•              





•            ,      ,

 

5. -  

•       (, )    (,  , )    

•            

󷇮󷇭   -   

1.   - -          

2.  –            

3.  – ,              

4.  -  ,       ,   

     

󽆪󽆫󽆬

 -                

 —, , ,   —        ,

      ,           ,

        

                   

       -        ,    

   

Easy2Siksha.com

   ,          :      ,

   ;     ,     ;      

,              ,    

          —  -        

   

-

3.               

:          

            ,  -  ,  

        ,  —  , ,   - 

                        

      - ,           

           —    ,    

       ,            

       ,              

        ,        

            ,    -   

 ,              

1.     -   

         (1469-1539)        

  ,                 -

             : "    ,  

  "    —   ,         

    

     :

•   -        ,    

• -    ,     ,    ,     

 

•   –            (  ),  

   (  )       (  )   

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•   –            

  

                    

   ()   ,             

      ,  ,      ,   

       —    

2.   -   

   ,   (1173-1266)    ,      

        ,           



    -              

  ,          —   ,    

                     

                    -  

    ,         

3.   -   

        ,            

     15  16        - 

       ,        ,        

    

      :

•          ;     

•   -      ;         

•          

 -     ,              , 

                   

     —   

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4.      

   ,           ,    

             :

•             ,          



•    " "    ,       

          

•   ,              

          ,            

    

,                   

   —    

1.    

                      

                        

   -        

2.   

                 

       , "      ,   

   ?"           

    

3.    

         -  ,    

  ,                   ,

                  



4.   

 ,                  

  :     ,    ,         

 ,  ,         ,     

  

5.          

         ,      ,   

      ,        

6.   

                    

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                 

  ,       

  

 ,         ,           

    ,                 

  ,     ,            

 ,    ,  ,       — 

    



                   ,  

                      

      ,               

 ,             

 ,       —           

     -  ,              

,                    

     

4.         

:     

󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  

                   

        ,     — , , , ,

 , , —                

                   ,    

 ——   

      :             

   ,  ,           

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󹺢  ?

           (), - 

      ,          — 

,       

               ,

                       

          ,       

 

󹼸󹼹󹼺󹼻     

1.     

•      : "  ,     "

•  ,                

 

•               -    

        

󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔:    ,          , ,

           

2.    

•                 

•    (   )     -   ,      -

         ()    

•            

󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔          ,           

     

3.   ()  

•           ,         

    

•   ,             - , ,

,  

•           ,       

󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔                    

 

Easy2Siksha.com

4. ,   

•                  

•          ,    ( 

 )   

•     (    )      

󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔            ,     

      

5.   

•          

•             -  

•     ,          

󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔                    

 

6.    

•       ,        (     -

      )

•   ,       

•           

7.  -  (-)

•    ()   ()   

•   ,      

•           ()   

󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 ,   ( ),   ( ),  

 ( )     

8.     

•     ,              

  

•          -        

  

•               

9.       

Easy2Siksha.com

•        





•         , ,         

 

•       ,     

󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔 ,      () ,        

󷇮󷇭    

1.   – ,         

2.  –          

3.  –       

4.    –          

5.  -             

󽆪󽆫󽆬

         —  -      

      -   ,  ,        

 

•          

•           

•  ,            

•          

   ,         :    ,  

,           ,       

      —        

 ,  ,      

-

5.           

:      

     ,        ,       

           ,        

 ,                      

 ,                 

Easy2Siksha.com

     ,           ,    

         

       

    1469       ,       

        -,     ,    

                  

  

                 ,  

  ,                ,    

         ,           

        

       ,         ,     

  ,                

       ,             

    ,               ? 

,               

   

  ,    -           

      ,           

   ,                

                " "  

    ,       



      

  

  ,  ,             

      



          

   ,            , 

   ""      ,        

   

  

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-     ,               

          :     ?   ?

        ?      ,       

  

              30   

,   

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          ,       

               ,  ,    —,  

     ,       :  , ,  

             , "    ,   

,       "         ,  

       -   

     ()

     ,               

    ,   ,             

   



,  ""        , 

,     ,           ,  

 (   )  ,       

    -   



—, ,        

            ,        ,

          ,    ,    

: ,         

   

   ,          —, , ,  , 

        ,         

      :

•       ,             

 

•    .            

        

•    .          

      

•   .             

Easy2Siksha.com

               

         ,             

         ,    , ",       

           "          

    —   

   ,                  

                , 

  ,           

   

   ,       ,        

 ,                 

                   - 

  ,              

  

       ,        ,      

        —            

   ,        ,      

      

       ,         

               ,   

 ,       



             —   

   ,      ,       

  ,      ,             ,

                  

    ,  ,         

Easy2Siksha.com

 ,             -         

  ,       ,       ,  

       

6. ,        

:,     

󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  

 1500  ,              ,  

   —, , , ,     —    

    ,              -   

   ,                , 

      

   -  —     ,    ,   ,  ,   ,  

        ;        ,  

   ,           ,   

           

󹺢1.  -  



•        

•   ,              , 

()             



1.   -  , ,            

               

2.                 

          

3.  -             ,

   

4.               -

  -  ,         

Easy2Siksha.com

󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔               ,     

             —     

   

󹺢2.  -      



•       

•       (  )         

    



1.                

           -       

2.   -   ,   ,    - 

           

3.   -   ,    -   (  )

   

4.    -            ,   

     

󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔    ,            

   ,                  

    ,            

󹺢3.  -    



•



     

•                     ,

         

•  ,       







1.    -              



2.   -         ,    

    

3.  -           ,  

       

Easy2Siksha.com

4.    –       ,    

      

󷷑󷷒󷷓󷷔          :     

   ,      ,         

             :    ,  

 ,     

󷇮󷇭    ?

1.    -            

 ,          

2.  –                 ,

     

3.  -                

         

4.    -       ,      

  

5.      –           

    ,        

󽆪󽆫󽆬  

,               :

•        

•             

•    ,          

         ,       

      

󷄧󼿒

,           —   

                 

     ,      ,       

   

•               

  

•                  

•           

Easy2Siksha.com

   ,         :     , 

   ,                 ,  

            —      

            

-

7.               

:    :       

        16             

      ,       ,     ,  

                   , 

 ,   ,              

 ,   ,                    

  

      ,           , 

          

  :       

        ,      ,   

          —      ,  

       

   ,              ,

        ,             ,

           (    )   

 

,           ?

1.       

     (          ) 

   ,            

            , ,         , 

   ()               

  -               

Easy2Siksha.com

            —        

    

2.    

          ,     

     (       )    

       ,       

               ,   

            

3.   

       22   (   )    

                     

         -       

         

4.   

      (   )     

              - 

 ,                    

    ,             

 

 :     



 

      ,      ,     

     ,              ,

-     

            ,       

  —       ,        

             

1.   

        ,           

                 

   ,         ( )  

         —    ,  

   ,         

2.  :     

        (   )    

      -   -    ,  

 ,    ,              

Easy2Siksha.com

              

 

3.     

          ,  

                 

     —          

       

4.  

    ,        (  )   

                  ,

 ,         

 ,  

          ,       

         ,        

                  

 ,      ,       

     

            —   ,    

        ,           

    ,               

   

      

 ,         ,          

               ,     

  ,                 

              ,         

       

           :   ,   ,  

         



Easy2Siksha.com

,           —    

                  

               

  

                       

 ,          

         :        

       —       

8.            .

:         

󷈷󷈸󷈹󷈺󷈻󷈼  

  ,  1606               ,   , 

                , 

           ,      

     

         ,         ,    

    : "   " - " ,     ,     "

                    

     ,           

󹺢       

1.  

•                   

       

•        ,         

 

•       ,    ,     ,   

           ,    

 

2.  

Easy2Siksha.com

•          ,      

           ,      

       

•           

•        ,  ,  

             



3.  

•       ()   (      )  

       

•            

•                    

   

4.  





•            

•                 

       

•  ,             

    

󹻦󹻧

           



•             

•       

•        

 ,                  ,   

      ,       

                

󷇮󷇭       

1.    

•          ,    

•         :        

     

Easy2Siksha.com

•    ,      - (  

)           

2.     

•                   

•             ,     

       

3.     

•             

•                    

,   1699              



4.     

•                

        

•   ,   ,        

5.  

•                      

,   ,       

•                   

󽆪󽆫󽆬   

             —       

                



     

         

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 

   ,       :         

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                 —   

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"               

     ,     "